Demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge Development

Blockchain has serious potential to shake up how businesses operate. Still, a lot of blockchains don’t play nice with each other. They exist in their separate worlds, which limits what you can do in the Web3 space. Cross-chain bridges are here to change that. Suddenly, you can move assets between blockchains, build apps that tap into the strengths of multiple networks, and create completely new business models that weren’t possible before. For entrepreneurs, this is a huge deal. Cross-chain tech unlocks a wider range of tools and resources and lets you create solutions that cater to a broader audience. In this guide, we’ll dive into Demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge Development, break down their types, get into why they’re important for businesses, and explore the exciting opportunities they create. Let’s get started!

What is a Demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge?

Cross-chain bridges act as connectors between blockchains, allowing for the secure movement of digital assets and data. These bridges break down the walls between separate blockchains, creating a bigger and more connected system for decentralized applications (dApps). This shift empowers blockchain platforms and industries by promoting several key benefits.

Cross-chain bridges enhance liquidity and capital flow by unlocking previously isolated liquidity pools. This expanded flow of capital benefits the entire blockchain landscape, promoting healthier markets and increased investment opportunities.

Also, industries can tap into the unique strengths of specialized blockchains. For example, a supply chain project might utilize a high-throughput blockchain for rapid transactions while using a security-focused blockchain for critical data storage.

Cross-chain bridges also encourage collaboration across blockchain platforms and projects. This collaboration sparks innovation, and drives breakthroughs across industries, from finance and supply chain management to healthcare and gaming.

Key Market Takeaways of Web3 Industry

The Web 3.0 market demonstrates robust expansion potential. According to Precedence Research, Its valuation reached an estimated USD 2.18 billion in 2023, with projections indicating a surge to approximately USD 65.78 billion by 2032. This represents a remarkable CAGR of 46% during the forecast period. A key driver of this growth is the accelerating adoption of the metaverse – a virtual environment supported by Web 3.0 principles. 

Web 3.0 Market Highlights

• North America dominated revenue share in 2022, highlighting its leadership in Web 3.0 adoption.
• The Asia Pacific region is predicted to demonstrate the fastest CAGR between 2023-2032, signaling rapid growth potential.
• Privacy & security protocols hold the largest market share, emphasizing the importance of security in Web 3.0.
• DAOs lead the application layer, reflecting the rising influence of decentralized governance.
• The BFSI sector is the largest vertical, demonstrating Web 3.0’s potential to transform financial services.

The Importance of Cross-Chain Communication in Blockchain Networks

Project owners in the decentralized space face a unique set of challenges that block the true potential of blockchain technology. Cross-chain bridges offer innovative solutions, working towards a smoother, more collaborative, and efficient ecosystem. Let’s demystify Cross-Chain Bridge development and break down where they make a real difference:

Breaking Down Blockchain Barriers

Each blockchain often operates on its own, restricting the flow of assets and information. This limits the direction and use of the assets . Cross-chain bridges create pathways between blockchains, allowing for assets to move more freely and opening up new possibilities for interactions between decentralized applications.

Expanding Your Reach

Building a project on a single blockchain means you’re primarily tapping into the existing community on that chain. Cross-chain bridges help projects reach users on other blockchains by expanding their potential audience and creating exposure with new users who might be a great fit.

Boosting Liquidity

When liquidity is low, decentralized finance applications (like lending, borrowing, and trading) are harder to use effectively. Cross-chain bridges make it simple to move assets between chains, creating more liquidity on both sides of the equation. This leads to healthier markets, smoother trading, and less friction for users.

Unifying Tokens

Different blockchains often have their token standards, making it confusing if you’re dealing with multiple networks. Cross-chain bridges help by providing a translation layer between these different standards, turning this fragmented situation into a more streamlined experience.

Building a Stronger Community 

Growing a strong community is always a challenge, but it’s especially tough when users are scattered across different blockchains. Cross-chain bridges offer the chance to build communities that span those blockchain boundaries. This brings together users who might have been isolated, creating a more engaged, vibrant, and interconnected community overall.

Types of Cross-Chain Bridge Development by Architecture

Understanding the different architectural models is key to demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge development, grasping their strengths, potential risks, and how they facilitate the transfer of assets or information.

Multisig Bridges

These bridges prioritize security through a decentralized validation process. Multiple independent validators, acting like digital gatekeepers, each provide cryptographic signatures. This multi-step verification system distributes power and creates a significant hurdle for malicious actors, as they would need to compromise multiple validators to tamper with a transaction. While offering robust security, multisig bridges can introduce some complexity and impact transaction speed.

Proof of Authority (PoA) Bridges 

PoA bridges streamline operations by relying on a predefined set of trusted nodes to verify data. These nodes, often chosen based on their reputation or adherence to specific criteria, have earned the right to participate in the validation process. 

This approach offers faster transaction speeds compared to some decentralized models but introduces a degree of centralization. PoA bridges might be suitable for projects where speed and efficiency are paramount or when specific regulatory compliance requirements necessitate a more controlled environment.

Atomic Swaps

This peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange mechanism eliminates the need for a trusted intermediary, staying true to the philosophy of decentralized blockchains. Atomic swaps use smart contracts called Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) to ensure that either both parties involved in the exchange receive the agreed-upon assets or the transaction fails. 

If one party fails to fulfill their obligations, predetermined conditions set within the HTLC will automatically trigger the return of the locked assets to their original owner. Atomic swaps offer a trustless and secure solution for cross-chain transactions. Still, their suitability may be limited by factors such as the complexity of setting up the swap and the types of assets that can be exchanged.

Bridge Aggregators 

Simplify the process for users by creating a network of existing bridges. These aggregators function as sophisticated traffic controllers, analyzing multiple bridges simultaneously to suggest the most efficient route for a given token transfer. This could improve transaction costs and streamline the overall user experience. Bridge aggregators are a valuable tool for users who may not be familiar with the intricacies of various bridge protocols and can be particularly helpful when dealing with complex cross-chain transfers involving multiple blockchain environments.

Types of Cross-Chain Bridge Development by Token Issuance Principle

Different bridge types employ distinct mechanisms like locking, minting, burning, and more. Let’s dive into how these methods function and their implications.

Lock and Mint/Burn

This type of bridge operates by locking the original token on the source chain within a smart contract. A corresponding representation, often called a wrapped asset, is then created on the target chain. This wrapped asset is essentially a token pegged to the value of the original asset, but it resides on a different blockchain. 

This allows users to leverage the functionalities of the target chain, such as participating in DeFi applications built on Ethereum, while still maintaining exposure to the value of the original asset locked on the source chain. To move the asset back to its original form, the wrapped asset on the target chain is destroyed, and the original token is unlocked on the source chain.

Burn and Mint

This type of bridge offers a mechanism for ensuring that the total supply of a specific token remains consistent across multiple blockchains. When a user initiates a transfer, the original token on the source chain is verifiably burned or destroyed. This destruction is cryptographically recorded and verifiable on the blockchain. An equivalent amount of new tokens is then minted on the target chain. 

This minting process is also recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and preventing the creation of new tokens that aren’t backed by the original burned assets. This approach is particularly valuable for tokens with a fixed or capped supply, where maintaining a consistent total supply across different blockchains is crucial.

Lock and Unlock

This bidirectional approach focuses on temporarily locking an asset on the source chain with a mechanism designed to release a corresponding amount on the target chain securely. Unlike lock-and-mint bridges that create wrapped assets, lock-and-unlock bridges maintain the original form of the asset throughout the transfer process. 

This can be advantageous in scenarios where wrapped assets might not be readily usable or integrated with certain DeFi applications on the target chain. Additionally, lock-and-unlock bridges can potentially offer greater security since the original asset remains under the user’s control on the source chain until the transfer is complete. However, this approach may introduce more complexity in terms of bridge design and validation procedures compared to lock-and-mint bridges.

Key Components of Cross-Chain Bridge Architecture

Cross-chain bridges are intricate pieces of software infrastructure that facilitate secure communication and asset transfer across otherwise isolated blockchain networks. Their development underscores the growing demand for interoperability within the rapidly evolving landscape of decentralized systems. To demystify Cross-Chain Bridge development and grasp their significance, let’s dissect their essential components:

1. Tokens

Cross-chain bridges are typically designed with compatibility for specific token types in mind. They might directly facilitate the transfer of native cryptocurrencies between supported blockchains. For example, a bridge might allow users to move Bitcoin (BTC) from the Bitcoin network to a compatible Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) blockchain. 

Alternatively, bridges often rely on the concept of “wrapped tokens.” These tokens are representations of assets locked on their original blockchain, effectively creating a stand-in on the target blockchain. Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) is a prime example, existing as an ERC-20 token on Ethereum and pegged to the value of BTC. The ability to support various asset types and representations is essential for the widespread adoption of cross-chain bridge solutions.

2. Bridge Contracts

At the core of any cross-chain bridge lie smart contracts residing on both the source and target blockchains. These contracts embody the logic, rules, and conditions under which cross-chain transfers operate. Their critical responsibilities include:

• Asset Management: Bridge contracts meticulously manage the locking of original assets on the source chain and, depending on the specific bridge model, either initiate the creation (minting) or destruction (burning) of equivalent assets on the target chain. This process ensures both consistency and that the original asset backs the representation on the target network.
• Transaction Verification: Meticulous verification is paramount to ensure that only authorized transfers occur. Bridge contracts act as discerning gatekeepers, analyzing cross-chain messages and carefully evaluating their authenticity.
• Unlocking Mechanism: When assets are transferred back to their origins, bridge contracts are responsible for triggering the secure release of the previously locked tokens on the source blockchain.

3. Reserve Wallets

Designated reserve wallets on both source and target chains serve as protected custodians for tokens undergoing a cross-chain transfer. These wallets are intrinsically linked to and managed by the bridge contracts. Their role in safeguarding assets during the transition process is of utmost importance in maintaining the trust and minimizing risk.

4. Facilitating Scripts

Facilitating scripts are off-chain software components that diligently monitor the connected blockchains. Their primary function is to watch for relevant events, such as the locking of an asset on the source blockchain, which signals the bridge to initiate the transfer process. These scripts then securely collect and relay pertinent transaction data to the bridge contracts on the target blockchain, ensuring a coordinated response across chains.

5. Additional Considerations for Decentralized Bridges

• Validators/Relayers: In decentralized bridge models, this network of nodes plays a vital role. Validators are entrusted with verifying the legitimacy of cross-chain events and reaching an agreement (consensus) on their validity. They often provide cryptographic signatures to authorize transactions, adding a layer of security and distributing decision-making power.

• Communication Protocols: Standardized communication protocols such as Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) or Polkadot’s Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) are indispensable. They provide a structured way for diverse blockchains and bridge components to exchange data seamlessly, ensuring reliable and efficient cross-chain operations.

• Oracles: In specific scenarios, cross-chain bridges might depend on oracles to access external data or verify the state of other blockchains. Oracles act as reliable sources of information, such as real-world asset prices, which might be required for certain cross-chain applications. However, it’s crucial to understand potential risks associated with Oracle dependencies, as they can introduce additional points of centralization or failure.

• Security Imperative: Due to the nature of cross-chain bridges and their role in handling potentially substantial amounts of value, security is a non-negotiable priority. Measures including frequent smart contract audits by reputable security firms, the decentralization of power through validators, and robust economic incentives help mitigate vulnerabilities and enhance the overall resilience of the system.

How to Develop a Demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge

Let’s break down the steps to demystify Cross-Chain Bridge development :

1. Understanding the Fundamentals

To understand blockchain interoperability, we need to tackle the challenge of making different blockchains talk to each other. This involves diving into concepts like how agreements are reached (consensus mechanisms), when transactions become permanent (transaction finality), and the varying ways blockchains handle data structures and smart contracts.

When it comes to cross-chain communication, there are a few main models to explore. These include atomic swaps, sidechains/relays, and trusted/notarized bridges. Each model has its pros and cons, especially in terms of how secure, decentralized, and scalable they are.

Security is a big concern with cross-chain bridges. They’re often targeted by hackers looking for vulnerabilities. We need to be on the lookout for things like bugs in smart contracts, breaches of validators or oracles, and potential 51% attacks. Building strong security measures right from the beginning is crucial to keep everything safe and sound.

2. Design and Architectural Decisions

When designing and planning your bridge, it’s crucial to make some key decisions upfront. First off, you’ll need to choose the type of bridge that best fits your requirements. Think about things like how decentralized you want it to be, which blockchains it needs to support, what kinds of assets you’ll be transferring, and how many transactions you expect to handle.

Next up is the consensus mechanism – basically, how your bridge confirms and validates transactions between different chains. You’ve got options like Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Authority, or Byzantine Fault Tolerance variations. Each one comes with its pros and cons, especially when it comes to balancing security and scalability.

Last but not least is oracle selection. If your bridge relies on outside data, you’ll need to choose oracles carefully. These are basically data providers that feed information into your bridge. Make sure to pick ones that meet your reliability and security standards. You’ll also want to decide whether you’ll manage your own Oracle network or integrate it with existing solutions out there.

3. Development and Implementation

When developing and implementing a cross-chain bridge, start by choosing the right programming language, such as Solidity, Rust, or Go, and blockchain development frameworks. Get familiar with smart contract development tools for your target chains. 

Carefully design the smart contracts that govern asset actions like locking, unlocking, minting, and burning, along with cross-chain transfer logic, using strict security patterns. Set up infrastructure for validators and oracles, which validate cross-chain transactions or provide external data to the bridge, impacting decentralization and security.

4. Testing and Security

To ensure the reliability and security of the bridge, it’s crucial to conduct thorough testing and security checks. This involves creating a range of tests to check every aspect of the code and how it interacts with different blockchains. 

Stress testing is also essential to see how the bridge holds up under heavy transaction loads and unexpected situations. Additionally, bringing in third-party security experts to audit the code and infrastructure can help uncover any vulnerabilities before the bridge goes live.

5. Deployment and Maintenance

When deploying your cross-chain bridge, it’s crucial to handle the mainnet deployment with precision, ensuring smooth operations on the blockchains involved. This involves setting up liquidity provisions to support asset transfers and incentivizing liquidity providers as needed. Once deployed, it’s essential to keep a close eye on bridge activity, watching out for any unusual behavior. Regular monitoring allows for proactive bug fixing and updates, addressing vulnerabilities promptly while expanding the bridge’s capabilities over time.

Applications of Cross-Chain Bridges

Here’s a breakdown of some key applications of demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge development :

Enhanced Interoperability

Cross-chain bridges facilitate enhanced interoperability between different blockchain ecosystems. Users can seamlessly move assets like Bitcoin (BTC) from its native chain to Ethereum-compatible representations like Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), unlocking wider opportunities for interaction. Additionally, developers can leverage multiple blockchains’ strengths to build applications that combine Ethereum’s smart contract capabilities with Solana’s faster transaction speeds, enhancing the overall functionality of decentralized applications (dApps).

Increased Liquidity and DeFi Access

With cross-chain bridges, liquidity can be pooled from various blockchains, creating deeper liquidity across ecosystems. This results in reduced slippage and better prices for traders. Moreover, users can engage in multi-chain yield farming, maximizing returns by moving assets to chains with the highest yields and most attractive DeFi protocols. Cross-chain lending and borrowing opportunities are also made available, allowing users to access favorable interest rates across different blockchains.

Scalability Improvements

Bridges play a crucial role in scalability improvements within blockchain networks. They enable the movement of assets and transactions to sidechains or Layer-2 solutions on Ethereum, such as rollups. By doing so, throughput is increased, and transaction costs are reduced. Furthermore, assets can be transferred to blockchains optimized for specific use cases, such as high-speed trading or gaming, optimizing network resources for various tasks.

Other Notable Applications

Cross-chain bridges facilitate several other notable applications within the blockchain space. They enable the buying and selling of NFTs minted on different blockchains, expanding the scope and market participation of NFT marketplaces. Additionally, they can aid in establishing multi-chain governance mechanisms, allowing voting mechanisms to span across multiple blockchains for decentralized projects. Moreover, bridges enable secure data sharing and verification between different blockchains, enhancing overall network interoperability and functionality.

Real-World Applications of Cross-Chain Bridges in Blockchain Projects

 Let’s look at some real-world examples of demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge development in action:

Liquidity and Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

Thorchain: This is an independent decentralized exchange (DEX) utilizing its blockchain and a network of liquidity pools. In contrast to wrapped tokens.Thorchain acts as a cross-chain bridge, allowing swaps between assets like BTC, ETH, and others without wrapping.

Osmosis: This decentralized exchange is built on the Cosmos. It utilizes cross-chain bridges (through its integration with the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol) to enable seamless asset swaps between various Cosmos-based chains.

Scalability Solutions

Polygon Bridge: Connecting Ethereum and the Polygon network, this bridge allows users to move assets quickly and cheaply to take advantage of Polygon’s lower transaction fees and faster speeds. This facilitates users’ access to DeFi applications on Polygon while still interacting with assets on Ethereum.

Avalanche Bridge: It enables asset transfers between Ethereum and the Avalanche blockchain. This integration benefits users interested in Avalanche’s high throughput and DeFi opportunities, as well as the option to utilize assets originating on Ethereum.

NFT Marketplaces and Cross-Chain Functionality

Immutable X: A Layer-2 scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum, their bridges to other chains (planned) would allow for the movement and trading of NFTs minted on different blockchains through a single platform. This opens up a wider market for digital asset creators and collectors.

Nifty Gateway studio: It is an NFT marketplace that has incorporated cross-chain functionality, allowing users to bridge their NFTs between Ethereum and Palm (a sidechain), facilitating lower transaction costs and broader access.

Other Use Cases

• Wormhole: It is a popular cross-chain bridge allowing the transfer of tokens and the passing of generic messages between different blockchains. This enables applications beyond asset transfer, such as cross-chain communication and governance.
• Chainlink: Primarily known for its oracle services, Chainlink’s Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol (CCIP) aims to provide a standard for cross-chain communication, allowing smart contracts on different chains to interact seamlessly.

From Finance to Gaming: How Cross-Chain Bridges are Revolutionizing Industries

Here’s a breakdown of how demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge development is revolutionizing various industries:

Financial Services

Cross-chain bridges are revolutionizing the financial services sector by breaking down bars between different blockchain networks. These bridges enable assets to move freely across various DeFi platforms, enhancing liquidity and opening up new opportunities for trading, lending, and borrowing. 

Users can now use a diverse range of financial products, including unique DeFi protocols and high-yield opportunities, regardless of the blockchain they use. This democratizes access to financial services and fosters fairer and more efficient markets by enabling arbitrage opportunities between different blockchains.

Example: A user holding Bitcoin (BTC) on the Bitcoin blockchain can use a cross-chain bridge to transfer their BTC to the Ethereum network as Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC). This allows them to participate in Ethereum-based DeFi protocols such as lending platforms, liquidity pools, and yield farming, expanding their financial opportunities. 

Supply Chain Management

In the supply chain management industry, cross-chain bridges are enhancing transparency and traceability throughout complex supply networks. By leveraging blockchain technology, these bridges provide an immutable trail of information about a product’s journey, including its origin, ownership, and movement. 

This transparency promotes trust and authenticity in supply chains while also streamlining tracking and traceability processes. Smart contracts across various blockchains can interact seamlessly through cross-chain bridges, automating processes such as payments, inventory management, and counterfeit detection.

Example: TradeLens, a blockchain-based shipping platform developed by IBM and Maersk, utilizes cross-chain technology to connect various stakeholders within the global supply chain. Information about shipments, customs documents, and sensor data from different blockchains can be shared securely, reducing paperwork, delays, and the risk of fraud.

Gaming and NFTs

Cross-chain bridges are improving the gaming and NFT industries by interconnecting game worlds and expanding NFT marketplaces. These bridges enable the transfer of in-game assets between different gaming ecosystems built on diverse blockchains, enhancing the play-to-earn model and fostering a more interconnected gaming environment. 

Additionally, NFT platforms can offer a broader selection of digital assets from various blockchains, thanks to cross-chain bridges. This increases exposure for creators and provides users with a wider range of options, ensuring secure ownership of digital assets both within and outside game environments.

Example: Enjin is a blockchain ecosystem focused on gaming and NFTs. Their Efinity network is built on Polkadot and utilizes parachains to provide interoperability with other blockchains. This means an NFT minted on Efinity could be used in a game built on a different blockchain connected to the Polkadot ecosystem or traded on marketplaces that support multiple chains.

Healthcare

In the healthcare sector, cross-chain bridges are securing medical data sharing and fostering research collaboration. Patient records scattered across different healthcare systems can now be securely shared using cross-chain bridges, facilitating controlled data sharing and leading to more comprehensive patient histories. 

Research institutions can collaborate more effectively by securely sharing large datasets across different blockchains, accelerating scientific breakthroughs and advancements in healthcare. Additionally, cross-chain tools streamline participant management, data collection, and result sharing across multiple locations, enhancing the efficiency of clinical trials and expediting medical research.

Example: Solve.Care, a healthcare platform built on blockchain, uses cross-chain technology to enable secure, patient-centric data exchange within its networks. This allows patients to manage and share their health records with different healthcare providers and researchers, ultimately promoting more personalized care and accelerating innovation in the medical field.

Future Trends and Innovations in Cross-Chain Bridge Development

Here’s a look into the exciting future trends and innovations shaping the evolution of demystifying Cross-Chain Bridge development :

Security Advancements

Cross-chain bridge development is prioritizing security advancements. Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enhance privacy and security by allowing transactions to be validated without revealing sensitive details. Meanwhile, formal verification techniques reduce the risk of exploits by rigorously analyzing smart contract code. Additionally, decentralized insurance protocols mitigate user risks by providing compensation in the event of hacks.

Focus on User Experience

Developers are simplifying cross-chain interactions to make them more accessible. Bridges increasingly hide technical complexities, aiming to become seamless for non-technical users. Unified interfaces aggregate multiple bridges, streamlining asset management. Moreover, mobile-first design brings cross-chain functionality to the growing number of mobile blockchain users.

Scalability and Efficiency

Innovations are addressing scalability and efficiency challenges. Bridges integrates with Layer-2 scaling solutions to reduce transaction costs and boost throughput. Light clients provide a streamlined way to verify transactions, further enhancing speed and scalability. Continued research into atomic swap protocols promises even faster and more cost-effective asset exchanges.

Enhanced Interoperability

Standardization efforts, like the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol, promote seamless communication across blockchains. Frameworks are emerging that allow smart contracts on one chain to trigger actions on another, greatly expanding application possibilities. Furthermore, specialized data oracles reliably provide cross-chain data feeds, which is crucial for multi-chain applications.

Beyond Token Transfers

Cross-chain technology is enabling groundbreaking use cases. NFTs powered by cross chain can unlock the true ownership and interoperability in gaming and the metaverse. Its identity solutions streamline access to applications in the multi-chain landscape. Secure, cross-blockchain voting systems empower decentralized governance with broader participation.

Conclusion

Cross-chain bridges are tearing down the walls that have separated blockchain ecosystems. Whether you’re a DeFi enthusiast, an NFT collector, a gamer, or an entrepreneur, the cross-chain revolution has something for you. The time is ripe to get involved. Explore existing bridges, understand the opportunities, and start brainstorming how your business or project could benefit from this interconnected future. Cross-chain bridges are not only fascinating technology, but they also represent a gateway to boundless innovation and growth. 

How can Idea Usher help Develop a cross-chain bridge?

Idea Usher brings a wealth of blockchain expertise and an established track record of providing cutting-edge solutions to the table. Our team can partner with you at every stage of your cross-chain bridge project, from conceptualization and design to development, testing, and ongoing maintenance. 

We prioritize security throughout the process, utilizing rigorous audits and best practices to protect your bridge. Whether you aim to connect established blockchains or explore emerging ecosystems, Idea Usher has the knowledge and resources to guide you. Contact Idea Usher today to discuss your cross-chain vision. Let’s unlock the potential of a multi-chain future together!

FAQs

How to build a cross-chain bridge?

Building a cross-chain bridge is complex and requires expertise in blockchain development. Key steps include choosing a bridge model, designing secure smart contracts, setting up a validator/oracle network, extensive testing, security audits, and deployment. Consider security from the very beginning.

What is a cross-chain bridge?

A cross-chain bridge is a system that allows the transfer of assets, data, or commands between different blockchains. Bridges are essential for overcoming blockchain siloes and promoting interoperability.

What is the architecture of a cross-chain bridge?

The core architecture of a cross-chain bridge typically includes:

• Smart Contracts: These contracts on each connected blockchain govern locking, minting, burning, and releasing assets.
• Validator/Oracle Nodes: These nodes monitor events and execute transactions on the connected blockchains.
• User Interface: A frontend for users to interact with the bridge.

What is the cross-chain structure?

Cross-chain structure describes the specific mechanisms a bridge employs to achieve communication and asset transfer. Common models include:

• Atomic Swaps: Direct peer-to-peer exchanges.
• Sidechains/Relays: Utilize an intermediary blockchain.
• Trusted/Notarized Bridges: Reliant on a set of trusted validators.